Model United Nations – EduFleek

Durban High School MUN – 19 September 2026

Sani Moyo — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:18:59 +0000

Give Your Learners a Voice on the Global Stage

Invite your learners to step into the role of international diplomats at the upcoming EduFleek High School Model United Nations Conference.

Hosted at Deutsche Schule Durban, this academically enriching conference will give high school students the opportunity to represent different countries, debate a major global humanitarian issue and work together to develop practical solutions.

No previous Model United Nations experience is required. Participating schools will receive guidance and preparation materials ahead of the conference.

Date: Saturday, 12 September 2026
Venue: Deutsche Schule Durban
Address: 34 Stafford Rd, Westville
Cost: R299 per delegate
Educators: Two educators per school may attend free of charge

Places are limited to 40 delegates per session.

Choose Your Preferred Session

Schools may select one of the following conference sessions:

Morning Session

8:00 am – 12:00 pm

Afternoon Session

12:30 pm – 4:30 pm

Each session is limited to 40 delegates to support active participation, meaningful discussion and a high-quality conference experience.

Session availability will be confirmed on a first-come, first-served basis.

What Is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations, commonly known as MUN, is an academic simulation of the United Nations.

During the conference, students represent assigned countries and debate important international issues from the perspective of those countries.

Through research, public speaking, negotiation and resolution drafting, learners gain practical experience in diplomacy, international relations and collaborative problem-solving.

MUN is not simply a debate competition. It challenges students to listen to different perspectives, defend their positions respectfully and work with others to reach realistic solutions.

Conference Topic

Addressing the Protection of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons Affected by Conflict and Humanitarian Crises

Conflict and humanitarian emergencies continue to force millions of people to leave their homes in search of safety.

During the conference, delegates will explore the challenges faced by refugees and internally displaced persons, including access to shelter, education, healthcare, food, security and legal protection.

Students will consider the responsibilities of governments, humanitarian organisations and the international community while working together to propose practical and diplomatic responses.

What Learners Will Experience

Throughout the conference, delegates will participate in the key stages of a formal Model United Nations committee.

Opening Speeches

Delegates will present their assigned country’s position and introduce the solutions they believe the committee should consider.

Formal Caucus

Students will participate in structured debate, present arguments and respond to the positions raised by other delegates.

Informal Caucus

Delegates will negotiate, form alliances and identify areas of agreement with other countries.

Resolution Drafting

Students will work together to draft proposed actions addressing the conference topic.

Voting

The committee will debate and vote on the final draft resolutions.

Skills Your Learners Will Develop

The conference provides learners with an engaging opportunity to strengthen skills that support both academic performance and future leadership.

Participants will develop:

Public speaking and persuasive communication
Critical thinking and independent research
Diplomacy and negotiation
Leadership and teamwork
Problem-solving and decision-making
Confidence in presenting ideas
Awareness of global affairs and humanitarian challenges

MUN participation can also strengthen learners’ academic and extracurricular profiles, particularly for students interested in law, politics, international relations, public policy, business, economics, journalism and other leadership-focused fields.

Register Your School

Complete the registration form below to express your school’s interest.

Please provide:

The school’s name
The coordinating educator’s details
The estimated number of participating learners
Your preferred session
Any additional questions or requirements

Once the form has been submitted, the EduFleek team will contact your school to confirm availability, explain the next steps and arrange country allocations.

Places are limited and will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Register your learners for an engaging day of debate, diplomacy and global learning.

Johannesburg High School MUN – 12 September 2026

Sani Moyo — Wed, 29 Jul 2026 01:47:51 +0000

Give Your Learners a Voice on the Global Stage

Invite your learners to step into the role of international diplomats at the upcoming EduFleek High School Model United Nations Conference.

Hosted at St David’s Marist Inanda, this academically enriching conference will give high school students the opportunity to represent different countries, debate a major global humanitarian issue and work together to develop practical solutions.

No previous Model United Nations experience is required. Participating schools will receive guidance and preparation materials ahead of the conference.

Date: Saturday, 12 September 2026
Venue: St David’s Marist Inanda
Address: 36 Rivonia Road, Sandown, Sandton, 2146
Cost: R299 per delegate
Educators: Two educators per school may attend free of charge

Places are limited to 40 delegates per session.

Choose Your Preferred Session

Schools may select one of the following conference sessions:

Morning Session

8:00 am – 12:00 pm

Afternoon Session

12:30 pm – 4:30 pm

Each session is limited to 40 delegates to support active participation, meaningful discussion and a high-quality conference experience.

Session availability will be confirmed on a first-come, first-served basis.

What Is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations, commonly known as MUN, is an academic simulation of the United Nations.

During the conference, students represent assigned countries and debate important international issues from the perspective of those countries.

Through research, public speaking, negotiation and resolution drafting, learners gain practical experience in diplomacy, international relations and collaborative problem-solving.

MUN is not simply a debate competition. It challenges students to listen to different perspectives, defend their positions respectfully and work with others to reach realistic solutions.

Conference Topic

Addressing the Protection of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons Affected by Conflict and Humanitarian Crises

Conflict and humanitarian emergencies continue to force millions of people to leave their homes in search of safety.

Students will consider the responsibilities of governments, humanitarian organisations and the international community while working together to propose practical and diplomatic responses.

What Learners Will Experience

Throughout the conference, delegates will participate in the key stages of a formal Model United Nations committee.

Opening Speeches

Delegates will present their assigned country’s position and introduce the solutions they believe the committee should consider.

Formal Caucus

Students will participate in structured debate, present arguments and respond to the positions raised by other delegates.

Informal Caucus

Delegates will negotiate, form alliances and identify areas of agreement with other countries.

Resolution Drafting

Students will work together to draft proposed actions addressing the conference topic.

Voting

The committee will debate and vote on the final draft resolutions.

Skills Your Learners Will Develop

The conference provides learners with an engaging opportunity to strengthen skills that support both academic performance and future leadership.

Participants will develop:

Public speaking and persuasive communication
Critical thinking and independent research
Diplomacy and negotiation
Leadership and teamwork
Problem-solving and decision-making
Confidence in presenting ideas
Awareness of global affairs and humanitarian challenges

Register Your School

Complete the registration form below to express your school’s interest.

Please provide:

The school’s name
The coordinating educator’s details
The estimated number of participating learners
Your preferred session
Any additional questions or requirements

Once the form has been submitted, the EduFleek team will contact your school to confirm availability, explain the next steps and arrange country allocations.

Places are limited and will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Register your learners for an engaging day of debate, diplomacy and global learning.

How to Prepare for a High School Model United Nations Conference

Sani Moyo — Thu, 16 Jul 2026 02:53:42 +0000

Participating in a Model United Nations conference for the first time can feel daunting.

You may need to represent a country you have never visited, speak in front of a room full of learners, defend unfamiliar policies and help develop solutions to a complex international problem, all within a limited amount of time.

However, you do not need to be an experienced public speaker or an expert in international relations to participate successfully.

A strong MUN delegate is not necessarily the loudest person in the room. Strong delegates are prepared, respectful, clear in their arguments and willing to work with others.

At an EduFleek Model United Nations conference, your objective is not simply to win a debate. Your goal is to represent your assigned country accurately, engage diplomatically with other delegates and help the committee develop practical solutions.

What Is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations, commonly known as MUN, is an educational simulation of the United Nations.

During a conference, learners take on the role of diplomats representing different countries or international organisations. Delegates debate a real global issue, defend their country’s interests, negotiate with other countries and help draft a resolution.

A resolution is a formal document that proposes actions the committee believes should be taken to address the issue under discussion.

Through this process, learners develop valuable skills such as:

Public speaking
Research
Critical thinking
Academic writing
Negotiation
Teamwork
Leadership
Problem-solving
Global awareness

MUN also teaches learners that international challenges rarely have simple solutions. Countries may disagree because they have different histories, political systems, economic interests, alliances, resources and national priorities.

Successful diplomacy therefore requires more than a strong argument. It also requires careful listening, respectful persuasion and a willingness to compromise.

What Does a MUN Delegate Do?

A delegate represents the position of an assigned country.

This means that your speeches, proposals and votes should be based on the country’s interests and policies, rather than only on your personal opinion.

As a delegate, you will be expected to:

Represent your assigned country

You must speak from the perspective of the country you have been given.

Understand the topic

You should research the issue, its causes, its effects and the main organisations or countries involved.

Defend a position

You need to explain what your country supports, what it opposes and what it would like the committee to do.

Build alliances

You should identify countries with similar interests and work with them during negotiations.

Develop solutions

You will help turn ideas into a resolution that can be presented, debated and voted on by the committee.

How EduFleek’s MUN Format Works

Traditional Model United Nations conferences may take place over several days. They can include long speakers’ lists, multiple caucuses, formal amendments and detailed parliamentary procedures.

EduFleek uses a focused four-hour format.

The process is streamlined so that delegates can concentrate on the most important parts of the MUN experience:

Opening statements
Structured debate
Negotiation
Bloc formation
Resolution writing
Resolution presentations
Voting
Closing statements

Although fewer procedural steps are used, delegates still experience the essential elements of debate, diplomacy and collaborative problem-solving.

What Happens During the Conference?

The Chair may adjust the programme depending on the number of delegates, the complexity of the topic and the progress of the committee.

However, delegates can generally expect the following stages.

1. Opening by the Chair

The Chair welcomes delegates, introduces the topic, explains the rules and outlines how the committee will operate.

Listen carefully during this section. The Chair will explain the speaking procedure, time limits and expectations for conduct.

2. Opening statements

Delegates deliver short speeches outlining their country’s position and priorities.

This is your first opportunity to introduce your country’s concerns and identify other countries that may become allies.

3. Moderated caucus

The Chair leads a structured debate on specific questions related to the topic.

Delegates raise their placards and wait to be recognised before speaking.

During the moderated caucus, you should respond to the developing debate, clarify your country’s position and introduce possible solutions.

4. Unmoderated caucus

Delegates are allowed to move around the room, speak directly to one another, form negotiating groups and draft resolutions.

This is the main working period of the conference. Use it to find allies, compare ideas and turn proposals into clear resolution clauses.

5. Resolution presentations

Groups present their resolutions to the committee.

Delegates explain the purpose of the resolution, highlight its strongest proposals and answer brief questions.

6. Voting

Delegates vote on the resolutions according to the procedure explained by the Chair.

Your vote should reflect your country’s interests and the position you have defended during the conference.

7. Closing statements

Delegates briefly summarise their country’s contribution before the Chair closes the committee.

How to Prepare Before the Conference

Good preparation can make the difference between merely attending MUN and participating meaningfully.

You do not need to memorise every detail about your assigned country. You do, however, need enough information to speak, negotiate and make decisions from that country’s perspective.

Step 1: Research Your Country

Begin by creating a basic profile of the country you represent.

Research:

The country’s official name
Its capital city and geographic region
Its political system
Its current leadership
Its major industries and economic challenges
Its important allies and regional partners
The international organisations it belongs to
Its major social, security, environmental or development concerns
Its level of influence in relation to the topic

Try to understand more than general facts. Consider how the country sees the world and why it may support or oppose certain proposals.

Step 2: Understand the Topic

Before deciding what your country believes, make sure you understand the issue itself.

Ask:

What is the issue?
Why does it matter?
Where is it taking place?
Who is affected?
What are its main causes?
What are the consequences?
Why has the international community struggled to resolve it?
Which governments, organisations or United Nations bodies are involved?

Understanding the topic will help you respond when the debate moves beyond your prepared notes.

Step 3: Research Previous International Action

Find out what has already been attempted.

Look for:

Previous United Nations resolutions
International treaties or conventions
Reports from United Nations agencies
Statements from international organisations
Existing government policies
Programmes that have succeeded or failed
Major disagreements between countries

This will help you avoid proposing solutions that are too vague, unrealistic or already proven ineffective.

Step 4: Define Your Country’s Position

Your country’s policy should guide everything you say, propose and vote for.

You should be able to answer:

How has this issue affected my country?
What has my country already done?
Which solutions would my country support?
Which solutions would it reject?
Which countries are likely to agree with us?
Which countries may challenge our position?
What are our most important priorities?

Remember that you are representing your assigned country, even when its position differs from your own views.

Step 5: Prepare Three Practical Solutions

Do not arrive with only criticism. Bring ideas that could become part of a resolution.

A weak proposal might say:

Countries should work together to address the problem.

A stronger proposal would explain what that cooperation should involve:

Establish a United Nations-supported regional task team to coordinate information sharing, emergency planning and technical assistance between affected countries.

Strong proposals explain:

What should be done
Who should do it
How it will be implemented
How it could be funded
How progress will be measured

Try to prepare at least three solutions before the conference.

How to Write an Opening Speech

Your opening statement introduces your country’s position to the committee.

It should help other delegates understand your priorities and decide whether they may want to work with you.

A strong opening speech should:

Introduce your country’s view
Show that you understand the issue
Identify one or two key concerns
Propose a possible direction
Invite cooperation from other countries

A simple opening speech structure

1. Begin with a hook

Use a strong fact, question or statement that demonstrates why the issue matters.

2. Explain your country’s position

State clearly how your country views the issue.

3. Provide evidence or context

Mention a relevant policy, past action or example.

4. Propose a direction

Explain the actions your country wants the committee to prioritise.

5. End diplomatically

Invite countries with similar interests to work with you.

Opening speech template

Honourable Chair and fellow delegates,
The delegation of [Country] believes that [main position on the topic]. This issue is important because [brief reason or evidence]. [Country] has responded by [relevant policy, programme or previous action].
The delegation of [Country] urges this committee to focus on [solution area one] and [solution area two]. We look forward to working with delegations that support practical, peaceful and sustainable solutions.
Thank you.

Practise your speech aloud. Speak clearly, avoid rushing and remain within the time limit set by the Chair.

How to Participate in the Moderated Caucus

A moderated caucus is a structured debate led by the Chair.

During this stage, delegates raise their placards and wait to be recognised before speaking.

Do not simply repeat your opening statement. Respond to the debate as it develops.

You can:

Clarify your country’s position
Respond to another delegate’s argument
Ask for more information
Challenge a proposal respectfully
Introduce a possible solution
Identify countries that may support your ideas

Useful diplomatic phrases include:

“The delegation of [Country] supports the point raised by the delegate of…”
“While the delegation recognises this concern, we respectfully disagree with the proposed approach.”
“Could the delegate clarify how this proposal would be implemented?”
“The delegation invites like-minded countries to collaborate on a resolution.”
“This proposal aligns with our country’s position because…”

Diplomatic language allows you to disagree firmly without attacking another delegate personally.

How to Use the Unmoderated Caucus

The unmoderated caucus is an informal working period.

Delegates may move around, speak directly to one another, form groups and begin drafting resolutions.

This is not social or break time. It is one of the most important stages of the conference.

During the unmoderated caucus:

Approach countries with similar positions
Explain your country’s priorities
Compare possible solutions
Form or join a negotiating bloc
Agree on the main issues your resolution will address
Help write operative clauses
Decide who will present the resolution
Prepare answers to possible questions

Do not wait for another delegate to approach you.

Introduce yourself and ask:

“What solution is your delegation prioritising?”

A bloc does not need to agree on every aspect of the topic. Delegates only need enough common ground to produce a resolution they can support.

How to Write a Strong Resolution

A resolution is the formal document that explains what the committee proposes doing about the topic.

A strong resolution should be clear, realistic and specific.

Preambulatory clauses

Preambulatory clauses provide background. They explain why the issue matters and may refer to previous international action.

They often begin with words such as:

Acknowledging
Alarmed by
Aware of
Concerned by
Emphasising
Recalling
Recognising
Taking note of

Operative clauses

Operative clauses state what should be done.

They often begin with words such as:

Calls upon
Encourages
Establishes
Invites
Recommends
Requests
Supports
Urges

When drafting an operative clause, ask:

What action is being proposed?
Who will carry it out?
How will it be implemented?
How will it be funded?
How will progress be measured?

For example, this proposal is too broad:

Requests the United Nations to monitor the situation.

A stronger clause would be:

Requests the relevant United Nations agency to publish an annual progress report evaluating the implementation of the programme in participating member states.

The second version identifies who should act, what they should do and how progress will be reported.

Presenting and Voting on a Resolution

When presenting a resolution, your bloc should:

Introduce the sponsoring countries
Explain the problem being addressed
Summarise the main proposals
Highlight the strongest operative clauses
Explain why the resolution is practical
Prepare for questions

The Chair will explain the voting process.

Delegates may normally vote:

For: Your country supports the resolution.
Against: Your country does not support the resolution.
Abstain: Your country chooses not to vote for or against, where abstentions are permitted.

Your vote should remain consistent with your country’s policy and your contributions throughout the debate.

Rules and Respectful Conduct

MUN is competitive, but it should never become personal.

Delegates should:

Address the Chair and other delegates respectfully
Challenge arguments rather than attacking people
Listen while others are speaking
Raise their placards before speaking
Remain in character as their assigned country
Follow the Chair’s instructions
Respect speaking times
Use formal and diplomatic language
Wear school uniform unless told otherwise

EduFleek’s streamlined format may not use every traditional MUN point, motion or amendment procedure. The Chair will explain which rules apply during the session.

The purpose of procedure is to keep the debate fair, focused and productive, not to prevent new delegates from participating.

Final Preparation Checklist

Before attending the conference, make sure that:

You know which country you are representing.
You understand the topic and why it matters.
You have researched your country’s position.
You know what international action has already taken place.
You have prepared at least three practical solutions.
You have written and practised your opening speech.
You have identified possible allies and opponents.
You understand EduFleek’s four-hour conference format.
You are ready to speak, listen, negotiate and compromise.

You Do Not Need to Be Perfect

Your first MUN conference may feel intimidating.

You may feel nervous before giving your opening speech. You may not know how to approach another delegate. You may make a procedural mistake or need help writing a resolution clause.

That is part of the learning experience.

Prepare carefully, listen to the Chair and contribute whenever you can. Your confidence will grow each time you raise your placard, ask a question or share an idea.

The EduFleek MUN mindset is simple:

Be informed. Be respectful. Be brave enough to speak. Be humble enough to listen. Be practical enough to turn debate into solutions.

Ready to Take Part in Model United Nations?

EduFleek’s High School Model United Nations events give learners the opportunity to develop public speaking, research, diplomacy, leadership and problem-solving skills in a supportive academic environment.

Register for an upcoming EduFleek MUN conference and begin your journey as a student diplomat.

High School MUN Prep: Addressing Food Insecurity and the Risk of Famine in Conflict-Affected Regions

Sani Moyo — Thu, 02 Jul 2026 05:02:37 +0000

In our upcoming High School Model United Nations conferences, delegates will debate one of the most urgent humanitarian issues facing the world: food insecurity and famine in conflict-affected regions.

This topic is about much more than hunger. It is about war, displacement, blocked aid, damaged farms, destroyed infrastructure, rising food prices, climate shocks, and the question of whether the international community is doing enough to protect civilians when food becomes a matter of survival.

For many people, famine may seem like something caused only by drought or a lack of food. In reality, famine in conflict zones is often caused by people being cut off from food, markets, land, water, jobs and humanitarian aid. In many crises, food exists somewhere in the region or the world, but the people who need it most cannot safely access it.

This article will help you understand the topic, prepare your country position, and think about the kinds of solutions you can bring into the debate.

Understanding the Topic

The official topic is:

Addressing Food Insecurity and the Risk of Famine in Conflict-Affected Regions

The debate will focus on how the international community can prevent famine, protect civilians, secure humanitarian access, support local food systems, and ensure that food assistance reaches people in areas affected by armed conflict.

This topic is especially important because conflict is one of the biggest drivers of hunger in the world. When war breaks out, people may be forced to flee their homes. Farmers may be unable to plant or harvest crops. Roads and ports may be damaged or blocked. Markets may collapse. Food prices may rise sharply. Humanitarian workers may be prevented from reaching the people most in need.

In some cases, hunger is not just a side effect of war. It can become a weapon. Civilians may be deliberately starved, aid may be blocked, and essential food systems may be attacked.

That is why this debate matters.

Delegates should not only ask, “How do we send more food?” They should ask:

How can food reach civilians safely?
What should happen when aid is blocked?
How can famine be prevented before it is officially declared?
How can children and vulnerable people be protected?
How can communities rebuild their own food systems during and after conflict?
How can the international community respond without ignoring national sovereignty?

What Is Food Insecurity?

Food security exists when people have reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food to live healthy lives.

Food insecurity happens when people do not have reliable access to enough food. This can happen because food is unavailable, unaffordable, unsafe, or impossible to reach.

In conflict zones, food insecurity is often caused by several problems happening at the same time. A family may lose their home, their income, their land, their livestock and their access to markets all at once. Even if food is available in another part of the country, they may not be able to reach it or afford it.

Food insecurity can become especially dangerous when it becomes acute food insecurity. This means people face an immediate and serious lack of food that threatens their lives or livelihoods.

What Is Famine?

Famine is the most extreme form of food insecurity. It is not simply “many people being hungry”. Famine is a technical classification based on severe hunger, malnutrition and death rates.

The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, known as the IPC, classifies food insecurity in five phases:

Minimal or None
Stressed
Crisis
Emergency
Catastrophe or Famine

Famine is declared when the situation has reached the most severe level. This means a large portion of the population has almost no access to food, many children are severely malnourished, and people are dying from starvation or from diseases linked to malnutrition.

An important point for delegates to remember is this: famine is usually predictable and preventable. By the time famine is officially declared, warning signs have often been visible for months. This means early action is one of the most important parts of solving the problem.

Why Conflict Causes Hunger

Conflict can cause food insecurity in many ways.

1. People are displaced

When people flee violence, they often leave behind their homes, farms, jobs, livestock, documents and savings. Displaced people may end up living in camps, temporary shelters or overcrowded host communities. They often become heavily dependent on humanitarian aid.

2. Farming is disrupted

War can prevent farmers from planting, harvesting or selling crops. Fields may be destroyed, livestock may be stolen, and irrigation systems may be damaged. In some areas, landmines or ongoing fighting make farmland too dangerous to use.

3. Markets collapse

Conflict disrupts trade routes, transport systems, ports and border crossings. This can make food harder to move and more expensive to buy. Even when food is available, ordinary families may no longer be able to afford it.

4. Humanitarian access is blocked

Aid organisations may not be able to reach civilians because of fighting, roadblocks, bureaucracy, damaged infrastructure, insecurity or deliberate obstruction by parties to the conflict.

5. Food systems are attacked

Markets, farms, storage facilities, water systems, roads, ports and aid convoys may be damaged, attacked or looted. This weakens the systems that people rely on to survive.

6. Hunger is used as a weapon

International humanitarian law prohibits the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare. However, in some conflicts, food, water and aid access are deliberately restricted to pressure or punish civilian populations.

The Role of the World Food Programme

The recommended committee for this topic is the World Food Programme Executive Board.

The World Food Programme, or WFP, is the world’s largest humanitarian organisation focused on food assistance. It provides emergency food aid, cash assistance, school meals, nutrition support, logistics services and support for communities recovering from crises.

For this debate, delegates must understand what WFP can and cannot do.

WFP can:

Provide emergency food assistance.
Support nutrition programmes.
Coordinate humanitarian logistics.
Help deliver aid in difficult environments.
Support school feeding programmes.
Provide cash-based transfers where markets are functioning.
Work with governments, UN agencies, NGOs and local organisations.
Support local food systems and resilience.

WFP cannot:

Force countries to end wars.
Deploy peacekeepers.
Impose sanctions.
Arrest war criminals.
Force armed groups to open roads or borders.
Replace the role of the Security Council.

This means your solutions must fit the committee. A strong WFP resolution should focus on humanitarian access, emergency food delivery, nutrition, funding, logistics, local food systems, early warning and coordination.

Key Crisis Areas to Know

Delegates do not need to know every conflict in the world, but they should understand a few important examples.

Sudan

Sudan is one of the most severe hunger crises in the world. Ongoing conflict has caused mass displacement, damaged markets, disrupted agriculture and made humanitarian access extremely difficult. Many areas are facing extreme levels of food insecurity, with some areas in or at risk of famine.

Sudan is an important case study because it shows how quickly conflict can create a nationwide food emergency. Delegates should think about humanitarian corridors, cross-border aid, local markets, civilian protection and the challenge of reaching people in areas controlled by different armed actors.

Gaza

Gaza is a major example of how conflict, access restrictions, displacement and destruction of infrastructure can create catastrophic food insecurity. The crisis raises difficult questions about humanitarian access, civilian protection, restrictions on aid, and the responsibilities of parties to conflict under international humanitarian law.

Delegates should consider how food aid can reach civilians when access is heavily restricted and when people are repeatedly displaced.

Yemen

Yemen has faced years of conflict, economic collapse and humanitarian crisis. Food insecurity there is not only caused by fighting, but also by damaged infrastructure, reduced imports, inflation, unemployment and long-term dependence on aid.

Yemen is useful for understanding protracted crises. Delegates should think about how emergency aid can be combined with long-term support for livelihoods, agriculture and economic recovery.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo faces severe food insecurity, especially in areas affected by armed groups and displacement. In eastern DRC, insecurity, poor roads and repeated violence make it difficult for humanitarian agencies to reach communities in need.

This case study shows how food insecurity can become chronic when conflict continues for many years and when infrastructure is weak.

Haiti

Haiti shows that food insecurity can also be driven by gang violence, political instability, displacement and state fragility. Humanitarian organisations may struggle to reach communities in areas controlled by armed groups.

This raises an important debate question: how should humanitarian agencies operate in places where the main threat is not a traditional war, but organised violence and insecurity?

South Sudan

South Sudan faces a combination of conflict, flooding, displacement, economic hardship and food insecurity. This is a useful example of how climate shocks and conflict can reinforce each other.

Delegates should consider how aid can reach isolated communities when both insecurity and flooding make transport difficult.

The Main Issues in the Debate

Humanitarian Access

Humanitarian access is one of the most important parts of this topic. Food aid cannot save lives if it cannot reach the people who need it.

Delegates should think about whether the international community should support humanitarian corridors, cross-border aid, negotiated access with armed groups, better protection for aid convoys, and stronger reporting when aid is blocked.

Starvation as a Weapon of War

International humanitarian law prohibits using starvation as a method of warfare. Delegates should discuss how the international community should respond when civilians are deliberately cut off from food, water or aid.

However, delegates must be careful. In a WFP committee, the focus should not only be punishment. It should also be prevention, monitoring, access and protection.

Funding Shortages

Humanitarian organisations often know what needs to be done but do not have enough funding to do it. When funding is limited, agencies may have to reduce food rations, cut programmes or prioritise only the most vulnerable groups.

Delegates should consider whether donor countries should provide more predictable, flexible and long-term funding.

Emergency Aid vs Long-Term Solutions

Emergency food aid saves lives. But if countries depend only on emergency aid year after year, the root causes of hunger remain.

A strong debate should balance immediate food assistance with long-term solutions such as supporting farmers, rebuilding markets, protecting livelihoods, restoring water systems, and strengthening local food production.

Children and Malnutrition

Children are especially vulnerable during food crises. Malnutrition can affect a child’s growth, health, learning and future development. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, older people and people with disabilities are also at high risk.

Delegates should consider targeted nutrition programmes, mobile clinics, school feeding, therapeutic food and community-based screening for malnutrition.

Aid Diversion

In conflict zones, food aid can be stolen, taxed, sold or diverted by armed groups. This creates a difficult challenge. Aid agencies must prevent diversion, but they must also avoid making aid delivery so slow and complicated that people starve while waiting.

Delegates should think about community monitoring, transparent registration systems, independent audits and partnerships with trusted local organisations.

Climate and Conflict

Climate shocks such as droughts, floods and extreme weather can make conflict-related hunger worse. In places already affected by violence, a flood or drought can push communities into crisis.

Delegates should think about drought-resistant seeds, flood protection, climate-resilient agriculture, water systems and early warning systems.

How to Prepare Your Country Position

Your country position should not simply be your personal opinion. In MUN, you represent the interests, policies and priorities of your assigned country.

Ask yourself these questions:

Is my country affected by conflict, hunger or displacement?
Is my country a donor that funds humanitarian aid?
Does my country host refugees or internally displaced people?
Is my country a major food importer or exporter?
Has my country worked with WFP, FAO, UNICEF or OCHA?
Does my country support cross-border aid?
Does my country strongly defend national sovereignty?
Has my country spoken about Sudan, Gaza, Yemen, DRC, Haiti or South Sudan?
Would my country support stronger accountability for blocking food aid?
Would my country prefer emergency food aid, long-term agricultural support, or both?

Your answers will help you decide what your country should argue during the debate.

For example, a major donor country may focus on accountability, funding and efficient aid delivery. A conflict-affected country may focus on sovereignty, urgent support and rebuilding infrastructure. A neighbouring country may focus on refugees and cross-border stability. A food-exporting country may focus on keeping grain and fertiliser trade open.

What Strong Delegates Should Do

Strong delegates will do more than describe the problem. They will offer realistic solutions.

Instead of only saying, “We must end hunger,” explain how your country wants to do that.

For example, you could propose:

Humanitarian corridors in areas at risk of famine.
Early warning systems that trigger funding before famine is declared.
Better protection for aid workers and food convoys.
Mobile nutrition clinics for children and pregnant women.
Support for local farmers through seeds, tools and livestock protection.
Cash assistance where markets are still functioning.
Community monitoring to prevent aid diversion.
More flexible and predictable funding for WFP.
Cross-border aid routes where normal access is blocked.
Stronger reporting on attacks against food systems.

Good solutions are specific. They explain who should act, how the action will work, and why it will help.

Possible Debate Questions

These are the kinds of questions delegates should be ready to discuss:

How can food aid reach civilians when roads, ports or borders are blocked?
Should humanitarian corridors be negotiated in famine-risk areas?
What should happen when governments or armed groups block food assistance?
How can WFP prevent aid from being stolen or diverted?
Should food aid be delivered directly, or should people receive cash assistance?
How can the international community act before famine is officially declared?
What special protections are needed for children and pregnant women?
How can local farmers continue producing food during conflict?
How should climate shocks be included in famine prevention plans?
How can humanitarian organisations remain neutral while operating in conflict zones?

Possible Resolution Ideas

A strong resolution could be built around five main pillars.

1. Access

Delegates could call for safe and unimpeded humanitarian access, negotiated corridors, cross-border delivery routes, and better monitoring of access restrictions.

2. Prevention

Delegates could support early warning systems, IPC assessments, rapid funding mechanisms and earlier action when areas reach emergency food insecurity levels.

3. Protection

Delegates could call for the protection of civilians, aid workers, food convoys, farms, markets, food storage facilities, water systems and other objects essential to survival.

4. Nutrition

Delegates could prioritise children, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, older people and people with disabilities through targeted nutrition support.

5. Resilience

Delegates could support local agriculture, markets, climate adaptation, livelihoods and community recovery so that people are not permanently dependent on emergency aid.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoid making your speech too general. Saying “we need peace” or “we must end hunger” is not enough.

Avoid acting as though WFP can do everything. WFP cannot end wars or impose sanctions. Keep your solutions within the power of the committee.

Avoid ignoring politics. Famine in conflict zones is often connected to power, control, access and conflict strategy.

Avoid ignoring funding. Every solution needs resources.

Avoid treating every crisis the same. Sudan, Gaza, Yemen, Haiti, DRC and South Sudan each have different causes and challenges.

Avoid blaming without proposing. MUN debate is not only about criticising countries. It is about building solutions that other delegates can support.

Final Advice for Delegates

This topic is serious, emotional and complex. It deals with people who are facing some of the worst conditions imaginable. But your role as a delegate is not only to describe suffering. Your role is to think like a policymaker.

The strongest delegates will understand that famine in conflict zones is usually preventable. The world often has warning signs, food supplies, humanitarian organisations and legal frameworks. The challenge is getting food to people safely, quickly and fairly.

As you prepare, focus on three things:

Understand your country’s position.
Know the main causes of hunger in conflict zones.
Bring practical solutions into the debate.

A good delegate will explain the problem. A great delegate will help the committee move toward a realistic solution.

Learn More & Register

Learn more about upcoming Model United Nations Conference and Register:

Durban High School MUN – 1 August 2026

Sani Moyo — Mon, 08 Jun 2026 02:16:59 +0000

Deutsche Schule Durban

1 August 2026

We invite all high schools to participate in our upcoming High School Model United Nations (MUN) Conference at Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg.

Venue: Deutsche Schule Durban
Address: 34 Stafford Rd, Westville, 3630
Date: Saturday, 1 August 2026
Morning Session: 8:00 am – 12:00 pm
Afternoon Session: 12:30 pm – 4:30 pm

Each session is limited to 40 delegates to ensure high-quality engagement, meaningful participation, and a strong debate experience for every learner.

What is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations, also known as MUN, is an academic simulation of the United Nations where students represent different countries and debate real global issues.

Learners take on the role of diplomats, research their assigned countries, deliver speeches, negotiate with other delegates, and work together to draft resolutions that respond to international challenges.

Through MUN, students develop important academic and leadership skills, including:

Public speaking and persuasive communication
Research and critical thinking
Diplomacy and negotiation
Teamwork and leadership
Global awareness
Confidence in formal debate settings

Participation in MUN gives learners a valuable opportunity to engage with international affairs in a practical, exciting and intellectually challenging environment. It is especially beneficial for students interested in law, politics, international relations, economics, business, journalism, public policy and leadership.

Conference Topic

Addressing Food Insecurity and Famine in Conflict Zones

Food insecurity and famine remain among the most serious humanitarian challenges in the world today. In many conflict zones, civilians are not only affected by violence, but also by hunger, displacement, damaged infrastructure, blocked aid, rising food prices and the collapse of local food systems.

During this conference, delegates will debate how the international community can respond when war prevents people from accessing food, water, markets, farms and humanitarian assistance.

Learners will explore important questions such as:

How can food aid safely reach civilians in conflict zones?
What should be done when humanitarian access is blocked?
How can the international community prevent famine before it is too late?
How can children, displaced families and vulnerable communities be protected?
What role should the World Food Programme and other humanitarian organisations play?
How can countries support both emergency food aid and long-term food security?

This topic gives students the opportunity to debate a real and urgent global issue while thinking carefully about humanitarian action, international cooperation, conflict, development and human rights.

Why This Topic Matters

Conflict is one of the biggest causes of hunger in the world. When war breaks out, families may be forced to flee their homes, farmers may be unable to grow crops, markets may stop functioning, and aid organisations may struggle to reach people in need.

In some regions, hunger is not simply a result of food shortages. It can also be caused by political decisions, blocked roads, closed borders, destroyed infrastructure or the deliberate prevention of humanitarian aid.

This makes the topic especially important for young people to understand. Delegates will be challenged to think beyond simple solutions and consider the real-world difficulties of delivering aid in dangerous and unstable environments.

The debate will encourage students to think like diplomats and policymakers. They will need to balance humanitarian needs, national interests, international law, sovereignty, funding, logistics and the protection of civilians.

Conference Structure

During the four-hour session, students will participate in a structured MUN programme that includes:

Opening speeches
Formal debate
Moderated caucus discussions
Informal caucus and negotiation
Drafting of resolutions
Voting procedures

This immersive experience introduces learners to the procedures and atmosphere of international diplomacy while giving them a safe and supportive environment to build confidence.

Students do not need previous MUN experience to participate. Guidance will be provided, and countries will be allocated upon confirmation.

Participation Details

Cost: R299 per delegate
Two educators per school attend free of charge
Snacks and refreshments will be provided
Countries will be allocated upon confirmation
Each session is limited to 40 delegates

Schools may register learners for either the morning or afternoon session, subject to availability.

Why Your School Should Participate

This conference offers learners a dynamic and academically enriching experience outside the classroom.

By participating, students will:

Develop Global Awareness

Learners will engage with one of the most urgent humanitarian issues facing the world and gain a deeper understanding of how conflict affects food security, civilians and international response efforts.

Build Confidence in Public Speaking

MUN gives students a structured platform to speak in front of others, present arguments clearly, and respond to different viewpoints.

Strengthen Research and Critical Thinking Skills

Delegates must research their assigned countries, understand global challenges, and develop realistic solutions based on evidence and diplomacy.

Practise Diplomacy and Negotiation

Students will work with other delegates to build alliances, negotiate wording, resolve disagreements and draft resolutions.

Prepare for Future Leadership

MUN helps learners build skills that are valuable for university, scholarship applications, leadership roles and future careers in law, politics, business, international relations, public policy and media.

Who Should Attend?

This conference is ideal for high school learners who enjoy:

Public speaking
Debate
Current affairs
History
Geography
Economics
Politics
Human rights
Leadership opportunities
International relations

It is also a valuable opportunity for learners who may be new to debate but want to build confidence in a supportive academic environment.

Book Your School’s Place

Schools are encouraged to reserve their places as soon as possible, as each session is limited to 40 delegates.

Spaces will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Complete the form below to reserve your school’s place for the Durban High School MUN Conference on 1 August 2026 at Deutsche Schule Durban.

Johannesburg High School MUN – 25 July 2026

Sani Moyo — Sun, 07 Jun 2026 15:40:56 +0000

Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg

25 July 2026

We invite all high schools to participate in our upcoming High School Model United Nations (MUN) Conference at Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg.

Venue: Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg
Address: 11 Sans Souci Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193
Date: Saturday, 25 July 2026
Morning Session: 8:00 am – 12:00 pm
Afternoon Session: 12:30 pm – 4:30 pm

Each session is limited to 40 delegates to ensure high-quality engagement, meaningful participation, and a strong debate experience for every learner.

What is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations, also known as MUN, is an academic simulation of the United Nations where students represent different countries and debate real global issues.

Through MUN, students develop important academic and leadership skills, including:

Public speaking and persuasive communication
Research and critical thinking
Diplomacy and negotiation
Teamwork and leadership
Global awareness
Confidence in formal debate settings

Conference Topic

Addressing Food Insecurity and Famine in Conflict Zones

During this conference, delegates will debate how the international community can respond when war prevents people from accessing food, water, markets, farms and humanitarian assistance.

Learners will explore important questions such as:

How can food aid safely reach civilians in conflict zones?
What should be done when humanitarian access is blocked?
How can the international community prevent famine before it is too late?
How can children, displaced families and vulnerable communities be protected?
What role should the World Food Programme and other humanitarian organisations play?
How can countries support both emergency food aid and long-term food security?

Why This Topic Matters

Conference Structure

During the four-hour session, students will participate in a structured MUN programme that includes:

Opening speeches
Formal debate
Moderated caucus discussions
Informal caucus and negotiation
Drafting of resolutions
Voting procedures

This immersive experience introduces learners to the procedures and atmosphere of international diplomacy while giving them a safe and supportive environment to build confidence.

Students do not need previous MUN experience to participate. Guidance will be provided, and countries will be allocated upon confirmation.

Participation Details

Cost: R299 per delegate
Two educators per school attend free of charge
Snacks and refreshments will be provided
Countries will be allocated upon confirmation
Each session is limited to 40 delegates

Schools may register learners for either the morning or afternoon session, subject to availability.

Why Your School Should Participate

This conference offers learners a dynamic and academically enriching experience outside the classroom.

By participating, students will:

Develop Global Awareness

Build Confidence in Public Speaking

MUN gives students a structured platform to speak in front of others, present arguments clearly, and respond to different viewpoints.

Strengthen Research and Critical Thinking Skills

Delegates must research their assigned countries, understand global challenges, and develop realistic solutions based on evidence and diplomacy.

Practise Diplomacy and Negotiation

Students will work with other delegates to build alliances, negotiate wording, resolve disagreements and draft resolutions.

Prepare for Future Leadership

Who Should Attend?

This conference is ideal for high school learners who enjoy:

Public speaking
Debate
Current affairs
History
Geography
Economics
Politics
Human rights
Leadership opportunities
International relations

It is also a valuable opportunity for learners who may be new to debate but want to build confidence in a supportive academic environment.

Book Your School’s Place

Schools are encouraged to reserve their places as soon as possible, as each session is limited to 40 delegates.

Spaces will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Complete the form below to reserve your school’s place for the Johannesburg High School MUN Conference on 25 July 2026 at Deutsche Internationale Schule Johannesburg.

Johannesburg High School MUN – 6 June 2026

Sani Moyo — Tue, 19 May 2026 12:56:00 +0000

EduFleek is proud to host the next High School Model United Nations Conference, taking place on Saturday, 6 June 2026 at Alma Mater International School in Krugersdorp.

This exciting academic event brings together high school learners for a meaningful day of debate, diplomacy, leadership and global problem-solving.

Learners will step into the role of international delegates, represent different countries, debate a major global issue, negotiate with other delegates, and work together to draft practical resolutions.

Event Details

Venue: Alma Mater International School
Address: 1 Coronation St, Krugersdorp
Date: Saturday, 6 June 2026

To ensure a high-quality experience and meaningful participation, the conference will run in two sessions:

Morning Session: 08:00 – 12:00
Afternoon Session: 12:30 – 16:30

Each session is limited to 40 delegates, creating an environment where every student has the opportunity to speak, engage, negotiate and lead.

Conference Topic

Climate Change as a Threat to International Peace and Security

Climate change is one of the most urgent global challenges facing the world today. However, it is no longer only an environmental issue. It is increasingly linked to food insecurity, water shortages, displacement, humanitarian crises, political instability and conflict.

In this Model United Nations conference, delegates will explore how climate change can place pressure on countries, communities and international systems.

Delegates will debate key issues such as:

How climate change can contribute to instability and conflict
The impact of droughts, floods, food insecurity and water scarcity
Climate-related displacement and migration
The security concerns of vulnerable countries, including Small Island Developing States and climate-affected African nations
The role of the United Nations in supporting climate resilience and conflict prevention
The balance between climate justice, development needs, national sovereignty and global responsibility

This topic gives learners an opportunity to engage with one of the defining international issues of our time while developing a deeper understanding of diplomacy, negotiation and global cooperation.

What is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations, also known as MUN, is an academic simulation of the United Nations.

Students represent different countries and debate global issues from the perspective of those countries. They must research their country’s position, deliver speeches, negotiate with other delegates and work towards practical solutions.

During the conference, learners will take part in:

Opening speeches
Formal caucus
Informal caucus
Resolution drafting
Voting on proposed solutions

MUN encourages students to think critically, speak confidently and understand global issues from multiple perspectives.

Why Schools Should Participate

Model United Nations is one of the most valuable extracurricular academic experiences for high school learners.

It helps students develop important skills, including:

Public speaking
Critical thinking
Research and analysis
Diplomacy and negotiation
Leadership
Teamwork
Problem-solving
Global awareness

The conference is especially valuable for learners interested in law, politics, international relations, economics, business, environmental issues, leadership and public speaking.

It also gives learners the opportunity to engage with current affairs in a practical and exciting way, while building confidence in a supportive academic environment.

A Practical Global Learning Experience

The topic, Climate Change as a Threat to International Peace and Security, encourages learners to move beyond simple environmental discussion and think about the wider global consequences of climate change.

Delegates will need to consider difficult questions, such as:

Should climate change be treated as a security issue?
Who should take responsibility for climate-related damage?
How should vulnerable countries be supported?
How can the world prevent climate stress from worsening conflict?
What role should the United Nations play?

This makes the conference both educational and highly relevant to the world learners are growing up in.

Participation Details

Cost: R299 per delegate
Educators: Two educators per school attend free of charge
Catering: Snacks and refreshments will be provided
Sessions: Morning and afternoon sessions available
Capacity: Each session is limited to 40 delegates

Countries will be allocated once participation has been confirmed.

Schools are encouraged to register early, as places are limited and will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Who Should Attend?

This conference is suitable for high school learners who enjoy:

Debating and public speaking
Current affairs
Leadership opportunities
Research and writing
International relations
Environmental and social issues
Working with other learners to solve problems

No previous Model United Nations experience is required. Learners will receive guidance and will be able to prepare using the topic information pack.

How to Register

To reserve your school’s place, please complete the form below.

When registering, please indicate:

The number of participating students
Your preferred session: morning or afternoon
The contact details of the coordinating educator

Once your school’s participation has been confirmed, countries will be allocated to delegates.

Join Us for a Day of Debate, Diplomacy and Global Thinking

EduFleek invites your school to be part of an engaging and empowering High School Model United Nations experience.

This conference will challenge learners to think deeply, speak confidently, collaborate with others and develop solutions to one of the most important global issues of our time.

We look forward to welcoming your learners to Alma Mater International School on Saturday, 6 June 2026 for a memorable day of global diplomacy.

Register or enquire:

High School MUN – Addressing Threats to Maritime Security, International Law, and Global Energy Stability in the Strait of Hormuz

Sani Moyo — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 05:08:13 +0000

Model United Nations Student Guide

The Strait of Hormuz is one of the most important waterways in the world. It is a narrow sea passage between Iran to the north and Oman and the United Arab Emirates to the south. It connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Sea, and wider global shipping routes.

For this Model United Nations conference, delegates will debate the topic:

Addressing Threats to Maritime Security, International Law, and Global Energy Stability in the Strait of Hormuz

This topic asks students to think like diplomats. It is not only about one country or one conflict. It is about how the world should protect shipping, prevent war, respect international law, and keep global energy supplies stable.

Why the Strait of Hormuz Matters

The Strait of Hormuz is often described as a global “chokepoint”. A chokepoint is a narrow passage that large volumes of trade must pass through. If that passage is blocked or disrupted, the consequences can be felt around the world.

According to the International Energy Agency, around 20 million barrels per day of crude oil and oil products passed through the Strait of Hormuz in 2025. That represents about 25% of global seaborne oil trade. The strait is only 29 nautical miles wide at its narrowest point, with very narrow shipping lanes for vessels moving in and out.

This means that any conflict, blockade, attack, mining operation, or legal dispute in the Strait of Hormuz can affect:

oil prices
fuel prices
global shipping
energy security
inflation
food and transport costs
the safety of civilian sailors
relations between powerful countries

The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that in 2024, oil flows through the strait averaged about 20 million barrels per day, equal to roughly 20% of global petroleum liquids consumption. It also noted that around one-fifth of global liquefied natural gas trade moved through the strait, mainly from Qatar.

In simple terms: if the Strait of Hormuz is disrupted, the whole world feels it.

The Current Situation

Tensions around the Strait of Hormuz have increased because of conflict involving Iran, the United States, Israel, regional Gulf states, and global shipping interests. Recent reports in April 2026 described vessel seizures, accusations of illegal blockades, threats to shipping, and calls at the United Nations for stronger protection of freedom of navigation.

The International Maritime Organization met in March 2026 to discuss the impact of the crisis on shipping and seafarers. The IMO condemned threats and attacks against vessels, called for international coordination, and urged the creation of a safe maritime framework to protect civilian ships and crews.

For MUN delegates, the key issue is this:

How can the international community keep the Strait of Hormuz open, protect civilian shipping, respect international law, and prevent military escalation?

Key Terms Students Need to Know

Maritime security means protecting ships, ports, sea routes, cargo, and crews from threats such as piracy, terrorism, mines, military attacks, unlawful seizures, smuggling, or blockades.

Freedom of navigation is the principle that ships should be able to move through international waters and key straits according to international law.

Transit passage is a legal right under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It allows ships and aircraft to pass continuously and quickly through straits used for international navigation. UNCLOS says coastal states have sovereignty, but that sovereignty must be exercised subject to the rules governing international straits.

Energy security means having reliable and affordable access to energy. Countries depend on oil and gas for transport, electricity, industry, heating, and food supply chains.

Blockade is an attempt to prevent ships or goods from entering or leaving a place. In international law, blockades are highly sensitive because they can affect neutral countries and civilian trade.

Escalation means a conflict becoming more serious, for example moving from diplomatic tension to military confrontation.

The Legal Issue: Who Controls the Strait?

The Strait of Hormuz is bordered by Iran, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. These states have important legal interests because the waters are close to their coastlines. However, the strait is also used for international navigation.

This creates a legal tension:

Coastal states argue that they have sovereignty and security interests.
Shipping nations argue that international law protects transit passage.
Energy-importing countries argue that the strait must remain open for the global economy.
Military powers argue over who has the right to patrol, escort ships, or enforce sanctions.

Under UNCLOS, the legal status of waters forming international straits is not erased, but the sovereignty of bordering states is subject to the rules of international law.

In debate, students should avoid saying simply “Iran owns the strait” or “foreign countries can do whatever they want.” The legal reality is more complicated. Coastal states have rights, but international navigation also has legal protection.

The Economic Issue: Why Oil and Gas Make This Global

The Strait of Hormuz matters because so much oil and gas moves through it.

The IEA says nearly 20 million barrels per day of oil were exported through the strait in 2025, and that limited alternative routes exist. It also notes that Qatar and the UAE’s LNG exports through the strait represent almost 20% of global LNG trade.

If the strait is disrupted, countries may face:

higher petrol and diesel prices
increased shipping insurance costs
delayed imports and exports
higher electricity and manufacturing costs
pressure on poorer countries that cannot easily absorb fuel-price shocks
instability in global markets

Asia is especially exposed. The EIA estimated that in 2024, China, India, Japan, and South Korea were among the main destinations for crude oil moving through the strait.

This means countries that are not physically near the Persian Gulf still have major interests in the debate.

The Human Issue: Seafarers and Civilian Ships

This topic is not only about oil, warships, and governments. It is also about people.

Civilian seafarers work on oil tankers, cargo ships, LNG carriers, and other vessels. When ships are trapped, attacked, seized, or delayed, crews may face danger, stress, fatigue, shortages of food and water, and difficulty communicating with families.

The IMO specifically called for protection of seafarers, continued provision of food, water, fuel, and essential supplies, and safe crew-change operations. It also warned about risks such as navigation-system jamming and spoofing.

A strong MUN resolution should therefore include humanitarian protection for seafarers, not only military or economic measures.

Main Stakeholders and Country Positions

Iran

Iran is one of the most important actors because it borders the strait and sees the waterway as linked to its national security. Iran may argue that foreign military activity, sanctions, or attacks against Iranian interests threaten its sovereignty. Iran may also argue that Western powers apply international law selectively.

However, other countries may accuse Iran of threatening freedom of navigation, seizing vessels, or using the strait as political leverage.

In debate, Iran is likely to support:

respect for sovereignty
opposition to Western military presence
sanctions relief
regional control of security arrangements
condemnation of attacks on Iranian territory or vessels

Oman

Oman is a key coastal state and often acts as a mediator in regional disputes. Oman is likely to support de-escalation, dialogue, freedom of navigation, and respect for international law.

Oman may be a useful bridge between opposing blocs.

United Arab Emirates

The UAE depends heavily on shipping and energy exports. It has some pipeline capacity that bypasses the strait, but it still has a major interest in regional stability. The UAE may support maritime security cooperation while also trying to avoid a wider war.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a major oil exporter. It has pipeline routes to the Red Sea, but a major disruption in the Gulf would still affect its economy and global oil markets. Saudi Arabia is likely to support secure shipping lanes and measures against attacks on energy infrastructure.

Qatar

Qatar is one of the world’s most important LNG exporters. Its gas exports rely heavily on movement through the Strait of Hormuz. Qatar is likely to support peaceful de-escalation, safe shipping, and protection of LNG exports.

United States

The United States usually supports freedom of navigation, protection of global shipping, and opposition to threats against commercial vessels. It may support naval patrols, sanctions enforcement, and international coalitions to protect maritime routes. Recent reporting described U.S. calls at the UN for a coalition to protect maritime freedom.

China

China is a major energy importer and has a strong interest in keeping oil and gas flowing through the strait. However, China may be cautious about supporting Western-led military coalitions. It may prefer diplomatic solutions, non-interference, and UN-led frameworks.

India

India is also a major energy importer. It is likely to support freedom of navigation, stable oil prices, and protection of shipping, while avoiding being drawn too deeply into a military confrontation.

Japan and South Korea

Japan and South Korea depend heavily on imported energy. They are likely to support peaceful solutions, international law, safe shipping, and energy-market stability.

Russia

Russia may criticise Western military involvement and sanctions. It may argue for respect for sovereignty and diplomacy, while also using the issue to challenge U.S. influence.

European Union countries

EU states are likely to support freedom of navigation, protection of civilian shipping, de-escalation, and respect for international law. They may also focus on economic stability and humanitarian concerns.

Main Debate Questions

Students should prepare to answer these questions:

Should the UN create a maritime monitoring mission in the Strait of Hormuz?
Should military escorts be allowed for civilian ships?
How can the world protect shipping without provoking war?
Should coastal states have greater control over ships passing through nearby waters?
How should the UN respond to vessel seizures or attacks on commercial ships?
Should sanctions be discussed as part of maritime security?
Who should pay for emergency energy measures if the strait is disrupted?
How can seafarers be protected during conflict?
Should regional countries lead the response, or should the UN lead it?
What role should the International Maritime Organization play?

Possible Solutions for Delegates

A strong resolution should balance security, law, diplomacy, and economics. Delegates should avoid writing a resolution that only says “condemns” or “calls for peace.” They need practical mechanisms.

Possible solutions include:

1. UN-backed maritime de-escalation framework

This could include a neutral coordination mechanism between coastal states, shipping countries, and international organisations.

2. Safe maritime corridor

A resolution could propose clearly identified routes for civilian merchant vessels, with guarantees against attack or seizure.

3. Seafarer protection plan

This could include emergency evacuation, food and fuel supply, crew communication, and medical support.

4. Hotline between naval forces

A hotline could reduce the risk of accidental clashes between Iranian, Gulf, American, European, or other naval forces.

5. Independent investigation mechanism

The UN or IMO could investigate attacks, seizures, or mining incidents to establish facts before countries retaliate.

6. International monitoring mission

A non-combat monitoring mission could observe traffic, report violations, and improve transparency.

7. Mine-clearance cooperation

If mines are suspected, states could cooperate on mine detection and clearance under international supervision.

8. Emergency energy coordination

Energy-importing and exporting countries could coordinate strategic reserves, alternative supply routes, and support for vulnerable economies.

9. Dialogue forum for Gulf maritime security

A longer-term solution could create a regional forum involving Iran, Oman, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, and major shipping nations.

10. Protection of international law

A resolution could reaffirm the importance of UNCLOS principles, navigational rights, peaceful dispute resolution, and non-use of force.

What Makes This Topic Difficult?

This is a good MUN topic because there is no simple answer.

If countries send warships to protect shipping, that may improve security but increase the risk of conflict.

If countries avoid military action, shipping may remain vulnerable.

If the UN condemns one country too strongly, that country may refuse to cooperate.

If the UN does nothing, energy markets and civilian seafarers may suffer.

Delegates must therefore find a balance between:

sovereignty and international navigation
security and de-escalation
sanctions and diplomacy
regional leadership and global responsibility
energy interests and humanitarian protection

Tips for Opening Speeches

A strong opening speech should include:

your country’s main interest in the Strait of Hormuz
your view on international law and freedom of navigation
your position on military escalation
one or two practical solutions

Example structure:

“Honourable Chair, distinguished delegates, the delegation of [country] believes that the security of the Strait of Hormuz is essential to international peace, lawful maritime trade, and global energy stability. As a country that [depends on energy imports / exports oil / borders the Gulf / supports international law], we are deeply concerned by threats to civilian shipping and the safety of seafarers. We call for [solution 1], [solution 2], and renewed diplomatic engagement to prevent further escalation.”

Tips for Country Research

Before the conference, students should research:

Does my country import oil or gas from the Gulf?
Does my country export energy through the region?
Is my country close to Iran, the United States, China, Russia, or Gulf states?
Does my country support sanctions on Iran?
Is my country a party to UNCLOS?
Does my country have a navy or commercial shipping interests?
Has my country made recent statements on freedom of navigation?
Would my country support a UN mission, regional dialogue, or military escorts?

Useful Phrases for Debate

Delegates can use phrases such as:

“The delegation of [country] supports freedom of navigation in accordance with international law.”
“We urge all parties to avoid actions that may escalate tensions.”
“Civilian shipping and seafarers must never become targets in political disputes.”
“Energy security is a global concern, not only a regional issue.”
“Any solution must respect the sovereignty of coastal states while protecting international transit.”
“We support a coordinated, UN-backed approach rather than unilateral military action.”
“The international community must address both the immediate crisis and the long-term causes of instability.”

Possible Resolution Clauses

Students may use clauses like:

Calls for the immediate protection of civilian commercial vessels and seafarers operating in and around the Strait of Hormuz;
Urges all states to respect navigational rights and freedoms in accordance with international law;
Encourages the establishment of a UN-supported maritime communication hotline between relevant naval forces;
Requests the International Maritime Organization to coordinate a safe-passage framework for affected merchant vessels;
Supports the creation of an independent investigation mechanism for reported attacks, seizures, or threats against commercial shipping;
Recommends the development of emergency energy coordination measures to reduce the global impact of disruptions;
Calls upon regional and international actors to pursue diplomatic negotiations and avoid further military escalation.

Conclusion

The Strait of Hormuz is small in size but enormous in global importance. It connects regional security, international law, energy markets, shipping safety, and diplomacy.

For this Model United Nations debate, students must think beyond simple blame. The strongest delegates will understand the interests of different countries, the importance of international law, the economic risks of disruption, and the human impact on seafarers.

The central challenge is clear:

How can the world keep the Strait of Hormuz open, lawful, and safe without turning a maritime crisis into a wider war?

Participate

We invite your school to participate in the Johannesburg Model United Nations conference, on 16 May 2026 at St David’s Marist Inanda.

Johannesburg High School MUN – 16 May 2026

Sani Moyo — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 03:48:13 +0000

EduFleek is proud to host the next Johannesburg High School Model United Nations (MUN) Conference, taking place on Saturday, 16 May 2026 at St David’s Marist Inanda, Sandton.

This conference brings together high school learners from across Johannesburg for a dynamic day of debate, diplomacy, and global problem-solving.

Event Details

Venue: St David’s Marist Inanda
Address: 36 Rivonia Road, Sandown, Sandton, 2146
Date: Saturday, 16 May 2026

To ensure a high-quality experience and meaningful participation, the conference will run in two sessions:

Morning Session: 08:00 – 12:00
Afternoon Session: 12:30 – 16:30

Each session is limited to 40 delegates, creating an environment where every student has the opportunity to speak, engage, and lead.

Conference Topic

Addressing Threats to Maritime Security, International Law, and Global Energy Stability in the Strait of Hormuz

This timely and globally significant topic places students at the centre of one of the world’s most critical geopolitical challenges.

Delegates will explore:

Threats to global shipping and freedom of navigation
The role of international law in governing strategic waterways
The impact of regional tensions on global energy supply
The responsibilities of major powers, coastal states, and international organisations
Diplomatic strategies to prevent escalation and maintain stability

What is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations (MUN) is an academic simulation where students represent countries in the United Nations.

Participants will:

Deliver opening speeches
Engage in structured (formal) debate
Negotiate in informal caucuses
Collaboratively draft resolutions
Vote on solutions to global challenges

It is one of the most effective platforms for developing:

Public speaking and confidence
Critical thinking and research skills
Diplomacy and negotiation
Leadership and global awareness

Why Schools Should Participate

MUN provides learners with a real-world academic experience that strengthens both their academic and extracurricular profiles.

Students gain:

Exposure to current global issues
Experience in structured argument and debate
Confidence in presenting ideas clearly
The ability to think critically under pressure

It is especially valuable for learners interested in law, politics, international relations, business, and leadership.

Participation Details

Cost: R299 per delegate
Educators: Two educators per school attend free
Catering: Snacks and refreshments provided

A Day of Global Thinking

This conference offers learners a unique opportunity to step into the shoes of world leaders, engage with real global challenges, and develop skills that extend far beyond the classroom.

If your school is looking to build confident, informed, and articulate learners, this is an experience not to miss.

How to Register

Spaces are limited and allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

To reserve your school’s place, please complete the form below:

High School MUN – Deepfakes, Disinformation, and the Protection of Electoral Integrity and Public Trust

Sani Moyo — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 04:40:41 +0000

Walking into a Model United Nations debate can feel exciting, nerve-racking, and intense all at once. You’ve done your research, highlighted your notes, and maybe even practiced your opening speech in front of a mirror. But if your committee topic is Deepfakes, Disinformation, and the Protection of Electoral Integrity and Public Trust, you may still be wondering: What exactly should I focus on when the debate begins?

The good news is that this is a brilliant topic for debate. It is modern, relevant, and full of real disagreement. There is no single obvious answer, which is exactly what makes it such a strong MUN issue.

At its heart, this topic asks one major question: How can countries protect elections from lies, manipulation, and fake media without damaging freedom of expression and open democracy?

That is the challenge delegates will be debating.

First, understand the issue clearly

Before you speak in committee, make sure you can explain the topic in simple terms.

A deepfake is fake audio, video, or image content created or altered with artificial intelligence so that it appears real. For example, a deepfake might show a politician saying something they never actually said.

Disinformation is false information spread deliberately to mislead people. During elections, this could include fake campaign stories, false claims about voting rules, or manipulated content designed to damage a candidate.

This becomes especially dangerous during elections because people are already emotionally invested, political tensions are high, and information spreads quickly online. A fake video or false story shared at the right moment can influence voters before the truth catches up.

So this topic is not just about technology. It is about trust, democracy, and fair political participation.

What the debate is really about

A lot of students make the mistake of thinking this topic is simply about banning fake content online. It is much more complicated than that.

Yes, deepfakes and disinformation can be harmful. They can confuse voters, damage reputations, intimidate journalists, and weaken trust in election results.

But there is another side to the debate too.

If governments are given too much power to decide what counts as “false information,” they may use that power to censor critics, opposition parties, journalists, or activists. A law that claims to protect democracy can sometimes be used to weaken it.

That means your role as a delegate is not to choose one extreme or the other. It is to think about how to balance competing priorities:

protecting elections
protecting free speech
protecting public trust
protecting democracy itself

The strongest delegates understand both sides.

What you should be ready to argue

On debate day, you should be prepared to speak about more than just definitions. You need to know the key tensions in the topic.

One major issue is platform responsibility. Should social media companies be required to remove false or manipulated election content? Should they label AI-generated political videos? Should they publish transparency reports during election periods?

Another major issue is government power. Should states create stricter laws against election-related deepfakes and disinformation? Or is there a danger that these laws will become tools of censorship?

A third issue is public trust. Even when a deepfake is exposed, damage may already have been done. And once fake media becomes common, people may start doubting real evidence too. This weakens trust in journalism, candidates, election commissions, and even democracy itself.

A fourth issue is capacity. Not all countries have the same resources. Some have strong digital systems, independent media, and rapid response teams. Others may struggle to monitor false information or respond to manipulated media during an election.

If you can speak clearly on these issues, you will already be in a strong position.

How to prepare your country’s position

One of the best ways to prepare is to stop thinking only about the topic and start thinking about your country.

Ask yourself:

Does my country usually support strong regulation or strong free speech protections?
Has my country experienced election-related misinformation or political instability?
Does my country trust private tech companies, state institutions, or independent regulators more?
Would my country support international standards, or prefer national sovereignty?

Your speech should not sound like a personal opinion essay. It should sound like a country position.

For example, some countries may argue that stricter controls are necessary to stop harmful manipulation during elections. Others may insist that freedom of expression must be protected very carefully, even when dealing with false content. Some may focus on media literacy and public education rather than censorship. Others may prioritize platform accountability.

Your job is to decide what your delegation would most likely support.

What strong delegates do in committee

Strong delegates do not just explain the problem. They move quickly toward solutions.

If you want to stand out in debate, speak in a way that is practical and balanced. Instead of saying, “Deepfakes are bad and should be stopped,” try arguing for specific measures.

For example, you could support:

labeling AI-generated political content
stronger fact-checking partnerships during elections
voter education campaigns
better support for election commissions
protection for journalists and candidates targeted by fake media
platform transparency on political ads
narrowly defined laws against fake voting instructions or deceptive impersonation

This makes your contribution more useful and more persuasive.

MUN debate is not only about sounding smart. It is about helping move the room toward workable policy.

What to avoid on debate day

There are a few traps students often fall into with this topic.

The first is being too vague. Saying “we must stop fake news” is not enough. What kind of fake content? Who decides? What action should be taken? What safeguards should exist?

The second is becoming too extreme. A total ban on false content may sound decisive, but it raises major concerns about censorship and abuse. On the other hand, pretending there should be no regulation at all ignores the very real harm caused by disinformation and deepfakes.

The third is focusing only on technology. This topic is not just about AI tools. It is also about elections, institutions, media, rights, education, and trust.

The fourth is forgetting the human side of the issue. Deepfakes and disinformation do not just affect systems. They affect real people: voters who are misled, candidates who are targeted, journalists who are harassed, and communities whose trust is damaged.

How to make a strong speech

When you speak, aim for three things:
clarity, balance, and direction.

Start by showing that you understand the seriousness of the issue. Then acknowledge the tension between protecting elections and protecting freedom of expression. Finally, offer clear solutions.

A strong speech might sound something like this in structure:

why the issue matters
what risks your country is most concerned about
what principles your country wants to protect
what practical actions your country supports

That structure works well because it sounds thoughtful, diplomatic, and solution-focused.

Your mindset going into the debate

Do not panic if the topic feels complex. It is supposed to be complex. That is why it is worth debating.

You do not need to know everything. You need to understand the core question, know your country’s likely position, and be ready to contribute realistic ideas.

Remember, the best delegates are usually not the ones who memorize the most facts. They are the ones who can explain the issue clearly, listen carefully, respond intelligently, and help shape a resolution.

So as you prepare for committee, keep coming back to this central question:

How can the international community protect electoral integrity and public trust from deepfakes and disinformation without undermining freedom of expression and democratic openness?

If you can debate that question well, you will be more than ready for the day.

Keep in mind

This topic matters because democracy depends on trust. If people cannot trust what they see, hear, or read during an election, the entire democratic process becomes more fragile. But protecting democracy also means protecting open debate, criticism, journalism, and political choice.

That is why this is such an important MUN topic — and such a powerful one for students to debate.

Walk into committee ready to think critically, speak clearly, and argue for solutions that are not just forceful, but fair.

On this issue, protecting democracy means protecting both truth and freedom

Participate

Be part of the Johannesburg Model United Nations on 25 April 2026, at Curro Midrand Sagewood.
Learn more about the Model United Nations here.